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Middle Eastern

Middle Eastern food is a rising star in the Philippine culinary scene, offering a rich and diverse array of flavors, textures, and aromas. Influenced by the cultures of the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and parts of Central Asia, Middle Eastern cuisine is known for its use of fresh ingredients, fragrant spices, and healthy cooking techniques. Over the past few decades, the influx of Middle Eastern expatriates, workers, and businesses in the Philippines, combined with the growing interest in international cuisine, has made Middle Eastern food increasingly popular. Filipino diners are drawn to its bold flavors, communal dining style, and the healthy options it often provides.


1. Introduction to Middle Eastern Cuisine in the Philippines

Middle Eastern food first made its way to the Philippines through trade and migration, with the influence growing as Filipino workers and travelers visited countries like Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and other parts of the Middle East. With the rise of Middle Eastern restaurants and the growing popularity of food trends like hummus, kebabs, and falafel, Filipino diners have come to appreciate the unique qualities of this vibrant cuisine. Today, Middle Eastern food is commonly found in specialized restaurants, malls, and even in home cooking.


2. Key Characteristics of Middle Eastern-Filipino Cuisine

  • Spices and Herbs: Middle Eastern cuisine uses a wide variety of aromatic spices like cumin, coriander, cinnamon, saffron, turmeric, and sumac, as well as herbs such as mint, parsley, and thyme. These ingredients are used to create bold, flavorful dishes.
  • Grilled Meats: Grilling is a hallmark of Middle Eastern cuisine, with skewers of meat (often lamb, chicken, or beef) marinated in spices and then char-grilled to perfection.
  • Health-Conscious: Many Middle Eastern dishes are vegetable-centric and use olive oil, yogurt, and grains like bulgur, couscous, and rice, making them relatively healthy and easy to incorporate into the Filipino diet.
  • Communal Dining: Middle Eastern meals are often served family-style, with a variety of dishes placed in the center of the table for everyone to share, emphasizing the importance of togetherness.

3. Popular Middle Eastern Dishes in the Philippines

Middle Eastern food has gained a significant following in the Philippines, and many of its signature dishes are now favorites among Filipino food lovers:

Hummus

  • Hummus: A creamy dip made from blended chickpeas, tahini (sesame paste), garlic, olive oil, and lemon juice. It is often served as a starter with pita bread or as a side to grilled meats. Its popularity has skyrocketed in the Philippines, where it is widely enjoyed with flatbreads or vegetables.

Falafel

  • Falafel: Deep-fried balls made from ground chickpeas (or fava beans), garlic, onions, parsley, and spices, commonly served as a vegetarian alternative to meat dishes. It’s often paired with hummus and served in a pita bread or flatbread wrap.

Shawarma

  • Shawarma: A Middle Eastern fast food favorite made from spiced, marinated meat (usually chicken, beef, or lamb) that is roasted on a vertical spit. The meat is shaved off and served in pita or flatbread, often with vegetables, pickles, and garlic sauce. Shawarma stands and restaurants have become increasingly popular in the Philippines, especially in urban areas.

Kebabs

  • Kebabs: Grilled skewers of marinated meat, often served with rice or flatbreads and accompanied by yogurt-based sauces. Beef, lamb, chicken, and even vegetables are used for kebabs. Popular varieties include shish kebab (grilled chunks of meat) and kofta kebab (ground meat mixed with spices).

Tabbouleh

  • Tabbouleh: A fresh, tangy salad made with finely chopped parsley, tomatoes, onions, and bulgur wheat, dressed in olive oil and lemon juice. It is a refreshing side dish commonly served alongside grilled meats or as part of a mezze platter.

Baba Ganoush

  • Baba Ganoush: A smoky eggplant dip made from roasted eggplant, tahini, garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil. Like hummus, it is typically served with pita bread and vegetables.

Moussaka

  • Moussaka: A savory casserole made with layers of eggplant, minced meat (usually lamb or beef), tomatoes, onions, and topped with a creamy béchamel sauce. This dish is popular in Lebanon and other parts of the Levant and is often served as a hearty main course.

Fattoush

  • Fattoush: A fresh and crunchy salad made from mixed greens, tomatoes, cucumber, and crispy pieces of fried flatbread. It is dressed in olive oil, lemon juice, and sumac, creating a tangy and flavorful side dish.

Kofta

  • Kofta: Minced meat (usually beef, lamb, or chicken) mixed with spices and herbs, shaped into balls or patties, and grilled or fried. Kofta is often served with rice, flatbreads, or in a pita wrap.

Biryani

  • Biryani: A fragrant, spiced rice dish made with basmati rice, meat (typically lamb or chicken), and a blend of spices. The Filipino version is often adapted to suit local tastes and is typically served during special occasions or gatherings.

4. Middle Eastern Food in Filipino Homes

Many Middle Eastern dishes are becoming increasingly popular in Filipino households, particularly among those who have traveled or worked in the Middle East. Common dishes made at home include:

  • Shawarma and Kebabs: Many Filipino families enjoy making these dishes on the grill or stovetop using marinated meat and homemade sauces.
  • Hummus and Falafel: These dishes are often prepared for casual gatherings or served as appetizers, with homemade pita bread or store-bought alternatives.
  • Rice and Grains: Middle Eastern-inspired rice dishes like pilaf or biryani have become popular alongside Filipino-style stews and meats.

5. Middle Eastern Food in Filipino Restaurants

The growth of Middle Eastern food culture in the Philippines is visible in the rise of specialized restaurants, particularly in metro areas like Manila, Quezon City, and Makati:

  • Middle Eastern Chains: Establishments like Al Safa, Shawarma House, and Kebab Korner offer authentic dishes, specializing in shawarma, kebabs, and other Middle Eastern staples.
  • High-End Middle Eastern Restaurants: Restaurants like Zaatar w Zeit and Mosaic provide an upscale dining experience, serving a variety of Middle Eastern dishes with an emphasis on quality ingredients.
  • Food Trucks and Street Food: Shawarma stands, falafel carts, and kebab vendors are common in bustling areas like malls and night markets, offering quick and affordable Middle Eastern meals.

6. Local Adaptations and Fusion Dishes

While Middle Eastern food is largely enjoyed in its traditional form, it has also been adapted to suit local tastes:

  • Shawarma with Filipino Toppings: Shawarma in the Philippines is often served with local twists, like banana ketchup or mayo-based sauces.
  • Kebab with Filipino Flavor: Some Filipino versions of kebabs include local spices like soy sauce or vinegar for marination, giving the dish a distinctly Filipino flavor.
  • Biryani with Filipino Ingredients: Local rice and spices may be used in a Filipino-style biryani, resulting in a milder, sweeter version compared to traditional Middle Eastern biryani.

7. Middle Eastern Food in Filipino Celebrations

Middle Eastern dishes are often incorporated into Filipino celebrations, particularly when it comes to gatherings with family or friends:

  • Shawarma Platters: Shawarma platters and kebab grills are commonly served at birthdays and parties, allowing guests to enjoy a mix of meats, rice, and sides.
  • Mezze Platters: A collection of small dishes like hummus, baba ganoush, falafel, and tabbouleh is a popular choice for buffet-style feasts or casual get-togethers.

8. Accessibility and Popularity

  • Ingredients: Middle Eastern ingredients, such as tahini, couscous, and spices, are becoming more widely available in local supermarkets, making it easier for Filipinos to recreate these dishes at home.
  • Fusion Trends: With the growing popularity of international cuisines, Filipino diners are embracing fusion concepts that combine Middle Eastern flavors with local ingredients and cooking styles.

9. Challenges and Opportunities

  • Authenticity: As Middle Eastern food continues to grow in popularity, there is a balance between maintaining authentic flavors and adapting to Filipino preferences, particularly in terms of spiciness and sweetness.
  • Health-Conscious Dining: The growing trend of health-conscious dining in the Philippines presents an opportunity for Middle Eastern food, as it often emphasizes fresh vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.

 

Middle Eastern

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